Details about W Scott Frame

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Phone:	470-514-9156
Postal address:	4030 Falls Ridge Drive Alpharetta. GA 30022

Access statistics for papers by W Scott Frame.

Last updated 2023-06-12. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: pfr211

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Working Papers

2024

1. Audit Partners and Loan Loss Provisioning: Evidence from U.S. Bank Holding Companies
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas View citations (1)
2. Government Litigation Risk and the Decline in Low-Income Mortgage Lending
   FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta

2022

3. Operational Loss Recoveries and the Macroeconomic Environment: Evidence from the U.S. Banking Sector
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
4. The Impact of Minority Representation at Mortgage Lenders
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas View citations (3)
   Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2022) View citations (7)

2021

5. Quantitative Easing and Agency MBS Investment and Financing Choices by Mortgage REITs
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
   See also Journal Article Quantitative easing and agency MBS investment and financing choices by mortgage REITs, Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association (2022) (2022)

2020

6. Are the Largest Banking Organizations Operationally More Risky?
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas View citations (6)
   See also Journal Article Are the Largest Banking Organizations Operationally More Risky?, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2022) View citations (8) (2022)
7. Did Subprime Borrowers Drive the Housing Boom?
   Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
8. Haste Makes Waste: Banking Organization Growth and Operational Risk
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas View citations (1)
9. Villains or Scapegoats? The Role of Subprime Borrowers in Driving the U.S. Housing Boom
   Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas View citations (2)
   Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2018) View citations (1)
   See also Journal Article Villains or scapegoats? The role of subprime borrowers in driving the U.S. housing boom, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier (2022) View citations (4) (2022)

2018

10. Fiscal Implications of the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet Normalization
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis View citations (3)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2018) View citations (2)
    FEDS Notes, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (2018) View citations (3)
    Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2018) View citations (10)
    Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (2018) View citations (3)
    FEDS Notes, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (2018) View citations (5)
    Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2018) View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Fiscal Implications of the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet Normalization, International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking (2019) View citations (7) (2019)
11. Technological Change and Financial Innovation in Banking: Some Implications for FinTech
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (17)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2018) View citations (10)
12. Unconventional Monetary Policy and Risk-Taking: Evidence from Agency Mortgage REITs
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (2)

2017

13. Agency Conflicts in Residential Mortgage Securitization: What Does the Empirical Literature Tell Us?
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article AGENCY CONFLICTS IN RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIZATION: WHAT DOES THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE TELL US?, Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association (2018) View citations (5) (2018)
14. Foreign Investment, Regulatory Arbitrage, and the Risk of U.S. Banking Organizations
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Foreign Investment, Regulatory Arbitrage, and the Risk of U.S. Banking Organizations, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press (2020) View citations (21) (2020)

2016

15. The federal home loan bank system and U.S. housing finance
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (2)

2015

16. Evaluating the Rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York View citations (10)
17. The Failure of supervisory stress testing: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and OFHEO
    Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston View citations (15)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2015) View citations (7)
18. The rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (21)
    Also in Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2015) View citations (20)
    See also Journal Article The Rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association (2015) View citations (25) (2015)

2014

19. Technological Change, Financial Innovation, and Diffusion in Banking
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (24)
    Also in Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics (2009) View citations (18)
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2009) View citations (10)
20. The Effect of Large Investors on Asset Quality: Evidence from Subprime Mortgage Securities
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article The effect of large investors on asset quality: Evidence from subprime mortgage securities, Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier (2017) View citations (10) (2017)

2012

21. Reexamining the Empirical Relation between Loan Risk and Collateral: The Role of the Economic Characteristics of Collateral
    Discussion Paper, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research View citations (2)
22. The Devil's in the Tail: Residential Mortgage Finance and the U.S. Treasury
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (3)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2012)

2011

23. Reexamining the empirical relation between loan risk and collateral: the roles of collateral characteristics and types
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (7)

2010

24. Tests of Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Theories of Collateral Using Private and Public Information
    Discussion Paper, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research View citations (9)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2010) View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Tests of ex ante versus ex post theories of collateral using private and public information, Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier (2011) View citations (112) (2011)
25. The Industrial Organization of the U.S. Single-Family Residential Mortgage Industry
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics
26. The information revolution and small business lending: the missing evidence
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article The Information Revolution and Small Business Lending: The Missing Evidence, Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer (2011) View citations (58) (2011)

2009

27. The 2008 federal intervention to stabilize Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (12)
28. The Federal Home Loan Bank System: Current Issues in Perspective
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (2)
29. The Federal Home Loan Bank System: the lender of next-to-last resort?
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (7)
    Also in Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York (2008) View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article The Federal Home Loan Bank System: The Lender of Next-to-Last Resort?, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2010) View citations (55) (2010)
30. The surprising use of credit scoring in small business lending by community banks and the attendant effects on credit availability and risk
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (7)

2007

31. A summary of \"Federal Home Loan Bank advances and commercial bank portfolio composition\"
    Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago View citations (4)
32. Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas, Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier (2008) View citations (15) (2008)
33. Federal Home Loan Bank advances and commercial bank portfolio composition
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (4)
    Also in Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (2007) View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Commercial Bank Portfolio Composition, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2012) View citations (2) (2012)
34. Why do borrowers pledge collateral? new empirical evidence on the role of asymmetric information
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article Why do borrowers pledge collateral? New empirical evidence on the role of asymmetric information, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier (2011) View citations (99) (2011)

2006

35. An analysis of the systemic risks posed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and an evaluation of the policy options for reducing those risks
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article An Analysis of the Systemic Risks Posed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and An Evaluation of the Policy Options for Reducing Those Risks, Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer (2007) View citations (12) (2007)

2005

36. Debt Maturity, Risk, and Asymmetric Information
    IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund View citations (130)
    Also in Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (2004) View citations (6)
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2004) View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article Debt Maturity, Risk, and Asymmetric Information, Journal of Finance, American Finance Association (2005) View citations (137) (2005)
37. Small business credit scoring and credit availability
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (34)
    See also Journal Article Small Business Credit Scoring and Credit Availability*, Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals (2007) View citations (18) (2007)

2004

38. Emerging Competition and Risk-Taking Incentives at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (4)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2004) View citations (3)
    Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (2004) View citations (2)
39. Fussing and Fuming over Fannie and Freddie: How Much Smoke, How Much Fire?
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (13)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2004) View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article Fussing and Fuming over Fannie and Freddie: How Much Smoke, How Much Fire?, Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association (2005) View citations (73) (2005)
40. Regulating Housing GSEs: Thoughts on Institutional Structure and Authorities
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article Regulating housing GSEs: thoughts on institutional structure and authorities, Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2004) View citations (13) (2004)
41. Resolving large financial intermediaries: banks versus housing enterprises
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article Resolving large financial intermediaries: Banks versus housing enterprises, Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier (2005) View citations (9) (2005)

2002

42. Credit scoring and the availability, price, and risk of small business credit
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (36)
    Also in Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) (2002) View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article Credit Scoring and the Availability, Price, and Risk of Small Business Credit, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing (2005) View citations (172) (2005)
43. Empirical Studies of Financial Innovation: Lots of Talk, Little Action?
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics View citations (22)
    Also in FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2002) View citations (33)
    See also Journal Article Empirical Studies of Financial Innovation: Lots of Talk, Little Action?, Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association (2004) View citations (151) (2004)

2001

44. The Diffusion of Financial Innovations: An Examination of The Adoption of Small Business Credit Scoring by Large Banking Organizations
    Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania View citations (18)
    Also in Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (2001) View citations (5)
    Working Papers, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics (2001) View citations (18)
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (2001) View citations (32)
    See also Journal Article The Diffusion of Financial Innovations: An Examination of the Adoption of Small Business Credit Scoring by Large Banking Organizations, The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press (2005) View citations (75) (2005)
45. The effect of credit scoring on small business lending in low- and moderate-income areas
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (51)
46. The effect of the common bond and membership expansion on credit union risk
    FRB Atlanta Working Paper, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article The Effect of the Common Bond and Membership Expansion on Credit Union Risk, The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association (2002) View citations (20) (2002)

Journal Articles

2022

1. Are the Largest Banking Organizations Operationally More Risky?
   Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2022, 54, (5), 1223-1259 View citations (8)
   See also Working Paper Are the Largest Banking Organizations Operationally More Risky?, Working Papers (2020) View citations (6) (2020)
2. Quantitative easing and agency MBS investment and financing choices by mortgage REITs
   Real Estate Economics, 2022, 50, (4), 931-965
   See also Working Paper Quantitative Easing and Agency MBS Investment and Financing Choices by Mortgage REITs, Working Papers (2021) (2021)
3. Villains or scapegoats? The role of subprime borrowers in driving the U.S. housing boom
   Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2022, 51, (C) View citations (4)
   See also Working Paper Villains or Scapegoats? The Role of Subprime Borrowers in Driving the U.S. Housing Boom, Working Papers (2020) View citations (2) (2020)

2021

4. Anjan V. Thakor, The purpose of banking: transforming banking for stability and economic growth
   Business Economics, 2021, 56, (1), 54-56

2020

5. Foreign Investment, Regulatory Arbitrage, and the Risk of U.S. Banking Organizations
   Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 2020, 55, (3), 955-988 View citations (21)
   See also Working Paper Foreign Investment, Regulatory Arbitrage, and the Risk of U.S. Banking Organizations, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2017) View citations (1) (2017)

2019

6. Fiscal Implications of the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet Normalization
   International Journal of Central Banking, 2019, 15, (5), 255-306 View citations (7)
   See also Working Paper Fiscal Implications of the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet Normalization, Working Papers (2018) View citations (3) (2018)

2018

7. AGENCY CONFLICTS IN RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE SECURITIZATION: WHAT DOES THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE TELL US?
   Journal of Financial Research, 2018, 41, (2), 237-251 View citations (5)
   See also Working Paper Agency Conflicts in Residential Mortgage Securitization: What Does the Empirical Literature Tell Us?, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2017) View citations (1) (2017)
8. Introduction to Special Issue: The Appropriate Role of Government in U.S. Mortgage Markets
   Economic Policy Review, 2018, (24-3), 1-10 View citations (1)

2017

9. The effect of large investors on asset quality: Evidence from subprime mortgage securities
   Journal of Monetary Economics, 2017, 87, (C), 34-51 View citations (10)
   See also Working Paper The Effect of Large Investors on Asset Quality: Evidence from Subprime Mortgage Securities, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2014) View citations (9) (2014)

2016

10. Reexamining the empirical relation between loan risk and collateral: The roles of collateral liquidity and types
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2016, 26, (C), 28-46 View citations (27)

2015

11. Introduction to Special Issue: Government Involvement in Residential Mortgage Markets
    Real Estate Economics, 2015, 43, (4), 807-819 View citations (1)
12. The Rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2015, 29, (2), 25-52 View citations (25)
    See also Working Paper The rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2015) View citations (21) (2015)

2012

13. Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Commercial Bank Portfolio Composition
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2012, 44, (4), 661-684 View citations (2)
    Also in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2012, 44, (4), 661-684 (2012) View citations (11)
    See also Working Paper Federal Home Loan Bank advances and commercial bank portfolio composition, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2007) View citations (4) (2007)

2011

14. Tests of ex ante versus ex post theories of collateral using private and public information
    Journal of Financial Economics, 2011, 100, (1), 85-97 View citations (112)
    See also Working Paper Tests of Ex Ante Versus Ex Post Theories of Collateral Using Private and Public Information, Discussion Paper (2010) View citations (9) (2010)
15. The Information Revolution and Small Business Lending: The Missing Evidence
    Journal of Financial Services Research, 2011, 39, (1), 19-33 View citations (58)
    See also Working Paper The information revolution and small business lending: the missing evidence, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2010) View citations (3) (2010)
16. The Surprising Use of Credit Scoring in Small Business Lending by Community Banks and the Attendant Effects on Credit Availability, Risk, and Profitability
    Journal of Financial Services Research, 2011, 39, (1), 1-17 View citations (56)
17. Why do borrowers pledge collateral? New empirical evidence on the role of asymmetric information
    Journal of Financial Intermediation, 2011, 20, (1), 55-70 View citations (99)
    See also Working Paper Why do borrowers pledge collateral? new empirical evidence on the role of asymmetric information, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2007) View citations (7) (2007)

2010

18. Estimating the effect of mortgage foreclosures on nearby property values: a critical review of the literature
    Economic Review, 2010, 95, (3) View citations (51)
19. The Federal Home Loan Bank System: The Lender of Next-to-Last Resort?
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2010, 42, (4), 551-583 View citations (55)
    Also in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2010, 42, (4), 551-583 (2010) View citations (14)
    See also Working Paper The Federal Home Loan Bank System: the lender of next-to-last resort?, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2009) View citations (7) (2009)

2008

20. Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas
    Journal of Economics and Business, 2008, 60, (1-2), 149-164 View citations (15)
    See also Working Paper Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2007) View citations (9) (2007)

2007

21. An Analysis of the Systemic Risks Posed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and An Evaluation of the Policy Options for Reducing Those Risks
    Journal of Financial Services Research, 2007, 31, (2), 75-99 View citations (12)
    See also Working Paper An analysis of the systemic risks posed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and an evaluation of the policy options for reducing those risks, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2006) View citations (4) (2006)
22. Charter Value, Risk-Taking Incentives, and Emerging Competition for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2007, 39, (1), 83-103 View citations (13)
    Also in Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2007, 39, (1), 83-103 (2007) View citations (1)
23. Housing and the subprime mortgage market
    EconSouth, 2007, 9, (3)
24. Small Business Credit Scoring and Credit Availability*
    Journal of Small Business Management, 2007, 45, (1), 5-22 View citations (18)
    See also Working Paper Small business credit scoring and credit availability, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2005) View citations (34) (2005)

2006

25. The Federal Home Loan Bank system: the \"other\" housing GSE
    Economic Review, 2006, 91, (Q 3), 33-54 View citations (15)

2005

26. Credit Scoring and the Availability, Price, and Risk of Small Business Credit
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2005, 37, (2), 191-222 View citations (172)
    See also Working Paper Credit scoring and the availability, price, and risk of small business credit, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2002) View citations (36) (2002)
27. Debt Maturity, Risk, and Asymmetric Information
    Journal of Finance, 2005, 60, (6), 2895-2923 View citations (137)
    See also Working Paper Debt Maturity, Risk, and Asymmetric Information, IMF Working Papers (2005) View citations (130) (2005)
28. Fussing and Fuming over Fannie and Freddie: How Much Smoke, How Much Fire?
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2005, 19, (2), 159-184 View citations (73)
    See also Working Paper Fussing and Fuming over Fannie and Freddie: How Much Smoke, How Much Fire?, Working Papers (2004) View citations (13) (2004)
29. Resolving large financial intermediaries: Banks versus housing enterprises
    Journal of Financial Stability, 2005, 1, (3), 386-425 View citations (9)
    See also Working Paper Resolving large financial intermediaries: banks versus housing enterprises, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2004) View citations (6) (2004)
30. The Diffusion of Financial Innovations: An Examination of the Adoption of Small Business Credit Scoring by Large Banking Organizations
    The Journal of Business, 2005, 78, (2), 577-596 View citations (75)
    See also Working Paper The Diffusion of Financial Innovations: An Examination of The Adoption of Small Business Credit Scoring by Large Banking Organizations, Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers (2001) View citations (18) (2001)

2004

31. Credit Scoring and the Availability of Small Business Credit in Low‐ and Moderate‐Income Areas
    The Financial Review, 2004, 39, (1), 35-54 View citations (52)
32. Empirical Studies of Financial Innovation: Lots of Talk, Little Action?
    Journal of Economic Literature, 2004, 42, (1), 116-144 View citations (151)
    See also Working Paper Empirical Studies of Financial Innovation: Lots of Talk, Little Action?, Working Papers (2002) View citations (22) (2002)
33. Regulating housing GSEs: thoughts on institutional structure and authorities
    Economic Review, 2004, 89, (Q 2), 87 - 102 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper Regulating Housing GSEs: Thoughts on Institutional Structure and Authorities, Working Papers (2004) View citations (13) (2004)

2003

34. Do credit unions use their tax advantage to benefit members? Evidence from a cost function
    Review of Financial Economics, 2003, 12, (1), 35-47 View citations (6)
    Also in Review of Financial Economics, 2003, 12, (1), 35-47 (2003) View citations (23)
35. Federal Home Loan Bank mortgage purchases: Implications for mortgage markets
    Economic Review, 2003, 88, (Q3), 17-31 View citations (9)

2002

36. Fannie Mae's and Freddie Mac's voluntary initiatives: Lessons from banking
    Economic Review, 2002, 87, (Q1), 45-59 View citations (17)
37. Financing housing through government-sponsored enterprises
    Economic Review, 2002, 87, (Q1), 29-43 View citations (22)
38. The Effect of the Common Bond and Membership Expansion on Credit Union Risk
    The Financial Review, 2002, 37, (4), 613-636 View citations (20)
    See also Working Paper The effect of the common bond and membership expansion on credit union risk, FRB Atlanta Working Paper (2001) View citations (1) (2001)

2001

39. Small business lending in low- and Moderate-income areas: The effects of credit scoring
    Communities and Banking, 2001, (Fall), 18-19
40. The Effect of Credit Scoring on Small-Business Lending
    Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2001, 33, (3), 813-25 View citations (145)
41. U.S. Financial Services Consolidation: The Case of Corporate Credit Unions
    Review of Industrial Organization, 2001, 18, (2), 229-241 View citations (21)

1998

42. Abnormal Returns in the Acquisition Market: The Case of Bank Holding Companies, 1990–1993
    Journal of Financial Services Research, 1998, 14, (2), 145-163 View citations (13)

1997

43. Empirical Evidence on a Special-Interest-Group Perspective to Antitrust
    Public Choice, 1997, 92, (3-4), 317-35 View citations (3)

1995

44. Examining small business lending in bank antitrust analysis
    Economic Review, 1995, 80, (Mar), 31-40 View citations (2)

1994

45. Commercial bank profits in 1993
    Economic Review, 1994, 79, (Jul), 22-41

Chapters

2013

1. Reexamining Financial Innovation after the Global Financial Crisis
   Chapter 11 in The Social Value of the Financial Sector Too Big to Fail or Just Too Big?, 2013, pp 215-228