Measuring the Ins and Outs of Remote Work: New Evidence from the Gallup Workplace Panel

Christos A. Makridis

AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2026, vol. 116, 228-235

Abstract: Using the Gallup Workplace Panel, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of full-time US workers from 2019 to 2025, this paper measures gross flows across on-site, hybrid, and fully remote work arrangements. Estimated transition matrices show high persistence in all modes, with hybrid work comparatively more transitory and remote work not absorbing. Decomposing transitions by job changes versus job staying indicates that re-sorting across employers amplifies movement across arrangements, while within-employer adjustments remain substantial. These moments provide calibration targets for amenity-based search-and-matching models.

JEL-codes: D22 J22 J41 J62 J64 M54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20261013

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