Magyarország élelmezése válság idején

Boglárka Anna Éliás

GAZDÁLKODÁS: Scientific Journal on Agricultural Economics, 2025, vol. 68, issue 02

Abstract: Food prices increased by 23% between 2015 and 2020, and the average annual net income per capita increased by 61%. In 2022 and 2023, food prices increased by 59%, while incomes increased by 33.2%. The rate of food inflation significantly exceeding income growth makes it necessary to reassess Hungary's food situation. Following the conceptual framework of food security, the study examines the availability and use of food, physical and economic access to food, and the stability of these factors. The study processed public data (KSH, Nébih, EFSA, WHO, OTÁP) and data from an online, non-representative (n=300) questionnaire survey. According to the results, availability and physical access are basically achieved in Hungary, the Achilles heel of food security is the common dimension of economic access and utilization, the affordability of foods necessary for a quality diet. According to the 2019 OTÁP survey, the consumption of important sources of vitamins, essential fatty acids and dietary fiber (vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dry legumes, fish, nuts, oilseeds) does not reach dietary recommendations. Based on the analysis of the relationship between food consumption and average income by income level between 2015 and 2020 (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient), those with higher incomes consumed more fruit (rs=0.988), fish (rs=0.976), vegetables and potatoes (rs=0.964), and meat (rs=0.915), thus complying better with the diet recommended by OTÁP than those with lower incomes. Among the respondents who completed the questionnaire, the average monthly income of those who bought less of these foods compared to the period before January 2022 was 3–14 percent lower than that of the entire sample, and the increase in food prices was cited as the primary reason for the change. However, the average income of those who bought larger quantities of the aforementioned foods exceeded the average income of the sample by 13–27 percent, so it can be assumed that the qualitative gap between the diets of low- and high-income households will continue to widen as a result of food inflation between 2022 and 2023, which exceeds the increase in income.

Keywords: Food Security and Poverty; Supply Chain (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ags:gazdal:369074

DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.369074

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