Beyond Prompting: An Autonomous Framework for Systematic Factor Investing via Agentic AI

Allen Yikuan Huang and Zheqi Fan

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: This paper develops an autonomous framework for systematic factor investing via agentic AI. Rather than relying on sequential manual prompts, our approach operationalizes the model as a self-directed engine that endogenously formulates interpretable trading signals. To mitigate data snooping biases, this closed-loop system imposes strict empirical discipline through out-of-sample validation and economic rationale requirements. Applying this methodology to the U.S. equity market, we document that long-short portfolios formed on the simple linear combination of signals deliver an annualized Sharpe ratio of 3.11 and a return of 59.53%. Finally, our empirics demonstrate that self-evolving AI offers a scalable and interpretable paradigm.

Date: 2026-03, Revised 2026-04
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