Distributional Decomposition of Consumption Inequality Change During COVID-19

Utkarsh Anand and Xin Liu

Papers from arXiv.org

Abstract: We decompose the U.S. consumption inequality distributional changes during the COVID-19 phase. Analyzing the Consumption Expenditure Interview Survey data, we decompose observed changes in consumption inequality into components attributable to several individual variables. Using a distribution regression method, we construct counterfactual distributions under the scenario in which the consumption structure or any specific variable would have remained the same between the two years before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that changes in the conditional distribution of consumption explain most of the observed decline in consumption inequality among male-headed households between 2018 and 2022. The rise in asset holdings has significantly increased the consumption inequality in all measures. Moreover, the changes in a set of household characteristics have significantly reduced the consumption inequality. Our analyses focus on the well-measured consumption components that are robust to the measurement errors in consumption data.

Date: 2026-05
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