Spatial roles in hockey special teams

Arsenault Jonathan (), Cunniff Margaret, Tulsky Eric and Forbes James Richard
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Arsenault Jonathan: 5620 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
Cunniff Margaret: Carolina Hurricanes, Raleigh, USA
Tulsky Eric: Carolina Hurricanes, Raleigh, USA
Forbes James Richard: 5620 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada

Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 2024, vol. 20, issue 3, 235-250

Abstract: Special teams (i.e. power play and penalty kill) situations play an outsized role in determining the outcome of ice hockey games. Yet, quantitative methods for characterizing special teams tactics are limited. This work focuses on team structure and player deployment during in-zone special teams possessions. Leveraging player and puck tracking data from the National Hockey League (NHL), a framework is developed for describing player positioning during 5-on-4 power play and 4-on-5 penalty kill possessions. More specifically, player roles are defined directly from the player tracking data using non-negative matrix factorization, and every player is allocated a unique role at every frame of tracking data by solving a linear assignment problem. Team formations naturally arise through the combination of roles occupied in a frame. Roles that vary on a per-frame basis allow for a fine-grained analysis of team structure. This property of the roles-based representation is used to group together similar power play possessions using latent Dirichlet allocation, a topic modelling technique. The concept of assignments, which remain constant over an entire possession, is also introduced. Assignments provide a more stable measure of player positioning, which may be preferable when assessing deployment over longer periods of time.

Keywords: hockey; player tracking; non-negative matrix factorization; topic modelling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1515/jqas-2023-0019

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