AI at Work: Use, Complementary Technologies, and Task Reallocation

Vahagn Jerbashian and Montserrat Vilalta-Bufi

No 13094, CESifo Working Paper Series from CESifo

Abstract: We provide evidence from a 2025 survey of individuals in Spain on workplace use of artificial intelligence (AI) and other modern digital technologies. AI use is already economically meaningful but far from pervasive, with about 16% of workers reporting AI use. Its adoption is highly uneven across workers and jobs, with strong gradients by education, age, earnings, and firm size and scope, as well as substantial within-occupation heterogeneity. AI use is strongly correlated with the use of other modern technologies, which accounts for a larger share of variation than any worker or job characteristic considered separately, including occupational exposure measures. The purposes of AI use also vary markedly across demographic groups and jobs. Users report predominantly positive productivity effects in abstract cognitive tasks, together with limited but systematic time reallocation across tasks.

Keywords: AI at work; complementary technologies; task reallocation; productivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C83 J24 L23 O33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ain, nep-bec and nep-hrm
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp13094.pdf (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ces:ceswps:_13094

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in CESifo Working Paper Series from CESifo Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Klaus Wohlrabe ().