Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports

Betsey Stevenson

No 2959, CESifo Working Paper Series from CESifo

Abstract: Between 1972 and 1978 U.S. high schools rapidly increased their female athletic participation rates—to approximately the same level as their male athletic participation rates—in order to comply with Title IX, a policy change that provides a unique quasi-experiment in female athletic participation. This paper examines the causal implications of this expansion in female sports participation by using variation in the level of boys’ athletic participation across states before Title IX to instrument for the change in girls’ athletic participation. Analysis of differences in outcomes across states in changes between pre- and post-cohorts reveals that a 10-percentage point rise in state-level female sports participation generates a 1 percentage point increase in female college attendance and a 1 to 2 percentage point rise in female labor force participation. Furthermore, greater opportunities to play sports leads to greater female participation in previously male-dominated occupations, particularly in high-skill occupations.

JEL-codes: I20 I21 I28 J16 J18 J21 J22 J24 J44 K30 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (129)

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Related works:
Journal Article: Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports (2010)
Working Paper: Beyond the Classroom: Using Title IX to Measure the Return to High School Sports (2010)
Working Paper: Beyond the classroom: using Title IX to measure the return to high school sports (2006)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ces:ceswps:_2959

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