Structural Change in German Manufacturing: Hybrid Products and Production Processes Are Changing Industrial Business Models

Robert Lehmann, Stefan Linz and Timo Wollmershäuser

EconPol Forum, 2025, vol. 26, issue 02, 50-61

Abstract: Key MessagesGrowing discrepancy between output from national accounts and industrial production in German manufacturing.Share in non-industrial activities of industrial enterprises is increasing.Industrial products are becoming more hybrid as more goods are bundled with product-related services.Production processes in German manufacturing are also becoming more hybrid.Manufacturing firms outsource goods production and concentrate domestic activities on product development and commercialization.

Date: 2025
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