Fallow Lengths and the Structure of Property Rights

Etienne Le Rossignol, Sara Lowes and Eduardo Montero

No 19366, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: We study a fundamental institution in many societies: the structure of property rights over land. Across societies, communal land rights have been more common than private land rights. We test the hypothesis that longer fallow requirements – the time needed to leave land uncultivated to restore fertility – led to a higher prevalence of communal property rights. Longer fallow requirements generate higher protection costs and therefore make communal rights more beneficial. We construct an ecological measure of the optimal fallow length for the most suitable staple crop across grid cells based on soil type, temperature, and climate. We find that places where land needs to be fallowed for longer periods are more likely to have communal property rights both historically and presently. We then examine the implications for efforts to title land. We find that World Bank land titling interventions are less effective in places with longer fallow requirements, suggesting a mismatch between development policy and underlying institutions. Finally, we examine implications for income inequality and conflict. We find that longer fallow requirements are associated with less inequality, less conflict, and greater resilience to negative shocks. Our results highlight the origins of property rights structures and how communal property rights interact with development policies.

Keywords: Property rights; Communal land; Titling reforms; Cultural institutions; Mismatch (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O43 P14 Q15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-08
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Working Paper: Fallow Lengths and the Structure of Property Rights (2024)
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