Masculinity Around the World

Ralph De Haas, Victoria Baranov, Ieda Matavelli and Pauline Grosjean

No 19493, CEPR Discussion Papers from Centre for Economic Policy Research

Abstract: We examine how masculinity norms – the social expectations about how men should behave – predict economic, health, and political outcomes. We field the Global Masculinity Survey, measuring adherence to core masculinity norms among 125,000 individuals across 70 countries. Economically, men who adhere more strongly to these norms supply more labor, earn more, and sort into traditionally masculine occupations. In terms of health, they take greater risks and report poorer mental health. Politically, they express stronger support for strongman authoritarianism and military rule. Adherence to masculinity norms is stronger among men exposed to war or economic recession during their impressionable years.

JEL-codes: D91 I12 J16 J24 Z13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-09
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Working Paper: Masculinity Around the World (2026)
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