Effect of antibody levels on the spread of disease in multiple infections

Xiangxi Li, Yuhan Li, Minyu Feng and Jürgen Kurths

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2024, vol. 185, issue C

Abstract: There are complex interactions between antibody levels and epidemic propagation; the antibody level of an individual influences the probability of infection, and the spread of the virus influences the antibody level of each individual. There exist some viruses that, in their natural state, cause antibody levels in an infected individual to gradually decay. When these antibody levels decay to a certain point, the individual can be reinfected, such as with COVID-19. To describe their interaction, we introduce a novel mathematical model that incorporates the presence of an antibody retention rate to investigate the infection patterns of individuals who survive multiple infections. The model is composed of a system of stochastic differential equations (SDE) to derive the equilibrium point and threshold of the model and presents rich experimental results of numerical simulations to further elucidate the propagation properties of the model. We find that the antibody decay rate strongly affects the propagation process, and also that different network structures have different sensitivities to the antibody decay rate, and that changes in the antibody decay rate cause stronger changes in the propagation process in Barabási–Albert (BA) networks. Furthermore, we investigate the stationary distribution of the number of infection states and the final antibody levels, and find that they both satisfy the normal distribution, but the standard deviation is small in the Barabási–Albert (BA) network. Finally, we explore the effect of individual antibody differences and decay rates on the final population antibody levels, and uncover that individual antibody differences do not affect the final mean antibody levels. The study offers valuable insights for epidemic prevention and control in practical applications.

Keywords: Stochastic differential equations; Epidemic dynamics; Antibody levels; Complex networks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077924006155
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:185:y:2024:i:c:s0960077924006155

DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115063

Access Statistics for this article

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals is currently edited by Stefano Boccaletti and Stelios Bekiros

More articles in Chaos, Solitons & Fractals from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Thayer, Thomas R. ().