Multiple breather asymptotics in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Hong-Wen Shan, Bo Tian and Hao-Dong Liu

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2025, vol. 201, issue P1

Abstract: Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate is generated by the atoms in the multi-component Bose Einstein condensates with the single hyperfine spin states but retaining the internal spin degrees of freedom. Some researchers have confirmed the existence of some localized wave phenomena in the spin Bose-Einstein condensates experimentally and theoretically. A three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system, which characterizes the dynamic behavior of spinor condensates for the mean-field approximation, is investigated in this paper. We first construct the M-breather solutions in the determinant form via an existing binary Darboux transformation, where M is a positive integer. We apply the asymptotic analysis on the M-breather solutions and obtain some properties of those M breathers. The M-breather solutions can be decomposed into M one-breather solutions with different velocities as t→±∞. Before and after each interaction, the M breathers pass through each other without any change in shape or velocity, while their solitary and periodic parts encounter the phase shifts. Taking M=2 as an example, we graphically illustrate the 2 interacting breathers through the 3D plots and density plots, which align with our asymptotic-analysis results.

Keywords: Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate; Three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system; Breather; Asymptotic analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:201:y:2025:i:p1:s0960077925010550

DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117042

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