The impact of n-butanol and iso-butanol as components of butanol-acetone (BA) mixture-diesel blend on spray, combustion characteristics, engine performance and emission in direct injection diesel engine

Sattar Jabbar Murad Algayyim, Andrew P. Wandel, Talal Yusaf and Ihsan Hamawand

Energy, 2017, vol. 140, issue P1, 1074-1086

Abstract: This article assesses the impact of n-butanol (nB) and iso-butanol (isoB) as components of a butanol-acetone (BA) mixture on spray, combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. The macroscopic spray characteristics including spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray volume of n-/iso-BA-diesel blends were measured at two injection pressures 300 bar and 500 bar. A direct visualisation technique high speed camera was used to analyse the images that were obtained. The spray results show that both n- and iso-BA-diesel blends achieved a slightly higher penetration distance compared to pure diesel, resulting in a better fuel-air distribution and mixing. Two blend ratios (10% and 20%) of iso- and n-BA-diesel blends were tested in a single-cylinder DI diesel engine at three engine speeds: 1400, 2000 and 2600 rpm at full load. The engine performance included measuring the following parameters: pressure inside the combustion cylinder; brake power (BP); and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The exhaust gas emissions included measuring the following parameters: exhaust gas temperature (EGT); oxide of nitrogen (NOx); unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC); carbon monoxide (CO); and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results from the blended diesel with iso- and n- BA were also compared to pure diesel as a baseline. The results for 10 iso-BA-90 diesel showed a slight improvement in BP by 4% at medium speed, while the BP of 20iso-BA-diesel, 10 and 20 n-BA-diesel was slightly lower and comparable with pure diesel at all engine speeds. The highest peak in-cylinder pressure was measured for the iso-BA-diesel blends. BSFC and BTE were increased for both iso- and n-BA-diesel blends. CO emission reduced with the increase in both n-BA and iso-BA ratios in diesel blend. Both NOx emissions and EGT were decreased at all n-BA and iso-BA-diesel blends compared to pure diesel. UHC and NOx emissions concentration of n-BA-diesel blends were lower compared to that of the iso-BA-diesel blend. Thus, it can be concluded that iso-BA-diesel blends showed slight improvement in brake power and higher in-cylinder pressure, while n-BA-diesel blends resulted in lower emission levels in regard to NOx and UHC. Therefore, using n-BA and iso-BA blended together as an additive for diesel fuel could be a suitable blend to obtain optimum results in regard to engine performance.

Keywords: Butanol-acetone mixture; iso-Butanol; n-Butanol; Spray characteristics; Diesel engine performance; Emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:140:y:2017:i:p1:p:1074-1086

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.044

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