Economic evaluation of flameless phosphate rock calcination with concentrated solar power and high temperature reactors

Nils Haneklaus, Sarah Schröders, Yanhua Zheng and Hans-Josef Allelein

Energy, 2017, vol. 140, issue P1, 1148-1157

Abstract: Flameless calcination, where a heat transfer fluid is used to provide heat for the calcination reaction to a mineral feed material may reduce direct carbon dioxide emissions during calcination by 50%. Concentrated solar power (CSP) and high temperature reactors (HTRs) are low-carbon emitting energy sources suitable for flameless calcination. This work provides a brief economic evaluation of flameless phosphate rock calcination with CSP/HTRs as heat sources. The economic evaluation consists of cost comparisons against gas-fired kilns and economic feasibility calculations based on the net present value method. The flameless system with CSP/HTRs is currently not cost-competitive. Anticipated cost reductions and higher natural gas prices may, however, change this outcome in the future. For the flameless system to be competitive low-interest rates (5–10%) and higher natural gas prices (7.5–10 US$/mmBTU) need to be present. Although the flameless system with CSP/HTRs is presently not cost-competitive it can be economically viable given low-interest rates (≤5%) and higher end heat selling prices (≥45 US$/MWhth).

Keywords: Flameless calcination; Concentrated solar power; High temperature reactors; Economic evaluation; Phosphate rock (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:140:y:2017:i:p1:p:1148-1157

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.123

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