Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak with Ni-xCe/CNTs

Yuzhen Wang, Zhuan Liu, Ying Wang, Changqing Fang, Donghai Xu, Liang Liu and Xing Zheng

Energy, 2022, vol. 261, issue PB

Abstract: A series of Ni-xCe/CNTs were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by XRD, XPS, and H2-TPR. Their catalytic performances were systematically evaluated in hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak. The effects of Ni:Ce ratio (10:0–10:7) in the bio-oil yield, boiling point, elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV) and chemical components of the bio-oil were investigated, and the solid residue and the used catalysts were also analyzed by TG, FT-IR and XRD, SEM, respectively. Maximum bio-oil yield of 20.75 wt% was obtained at Ni:Ce of 10:5. The minimum crystallite size of CeO2 and the highest Ce3+ concentration, respecting the highest oxygen vacancies was obtained for Ni–5Ce/CNTs by XRD, and the lowest reduction temperature was also found for Ni–5Ce/CNTs in H2-TPR analysis, indicating the good reducibility. The CeO2 became to accumulate and form bigger clusters when the Ce loading increased to 7 wt%. GC-MS results showed that the hydrocarbons and esters in bio-oils increased with Ce loading, while those of ketones and aldehydes decreased. The possible catalytic reaction pathway was accordingly proposed.

Keywords: Hydrothermal liquefaction; Waste tetra pak; Ni-xCe/CNTs; Bio-oil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:261:y:2022:i:pb:s0360544222021867

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125302

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