Thermodynamic and economic performance analysis of a liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system coupled with absorption refrigeration cycle

Yuhong Wang, Xi Chen, Jingxuan Xu and Yilin Lu

Energy, 2025, vol. 319, issue C

Abstract: Energy storage technology provides solutions for accommodating renewable energy and effectively managing power grid electricity. In recent years, liquid CO2 energy storage (LCES) has gained prominence among researchers due to considerable round-trip efficiency (RTE) and energy storage density (ESD) without geographical limitation. However, due to the high latent heat of vaporization at low temperature, the condensation of CO2 at the outlet of the turbine has emerged as a significant challenge that researchers are grappling with. Low-grade industrial waste heat (WH) is often neglected due to low power generation efficiency, but it can be employed as the driving heat source for the absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC). Therefore, this paper designs and investigates the liquid CO2 energy storage coupled with absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC-LCES), which is modeled in Aspen HYSYS and optimized by a multi-parameter genetic algorithm in Matlab. The ARC-LCES system demonstrates a high electrical round-trip efficiency (ERTE), ESD and exergy efficiency of 400.99 %, 10.78 kWh/m3 and 63.31 %, respectively. According to the economic analysis, Net present value (NPV) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) are 3.9703 million USD and 0.1008 USD/kWh. The results show that the proposed system may play an important role in managing power grid electricity and improving energy efficiency.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide energy storage; Exergy analysis; Absorption refrigeration cycle; Waste heat recovery; Multi-parameter genetic algorithm optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:319:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225006966

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135054

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