Optimising large-scale solar-based distributed energy generation systems in high-density urban areas: An integrated approach using geospatial and techno-economic modelling

Karla M. Gonzalez-Carreon and Iván García Kerdan

Energy, 2025, vol. 327, issue C

Abstract: Distributed Energy Systems (DES) can potentially reduce carbon emissions in urban areas; however, there is a need for more planning frameworks tailored to high-density urban areas with specific geographical and urban form conditions. This study proposes a methodology that integrates technical and economic criteria for assessing the feasibility of large-scale photovoltaic projects for DES in high-density residential areas over 15-years planning horizon. The objective is to address the challenge of integrating geospatial data and techno-economic criteria to optimise the utilisation of roof space for the installation of photovoltaic systems in urban areas. The authors propose an integral methodology that combines geospatial analysis with energy optimisation modelling to provide realistic energy planning solutions. Additionally, a weighted decision matrix evaluates key variables and determine the optimal scenario. The framework is applied to a case study of the Benito Juarez borough, a 27 km2 area in Mexico City, using 2019 as a base year. Results suggest that initially, installing systems in medium-sized buildings (3–10 floors) is advantageous starting in 2024, while installation for houses (1–2 floors) should begin by 2029. By utilising less than 10 % of the available roof area, a maximum installed capacity of 311 MW with 25 % energy autonomy is possible, while to reach 90 % autonomy, it is necessary to consider a system with storage capabilities. The implementation could represent applicable solutions, for instance, up to 5 % of the total installed capacity of the region's power system, allowing for a significant reduction of CO2 emissions and energy prices. The methodology offers a practical and systematic approach to assessing the best technological options for large-scale solar distributed systems in highly dense urban areas by considering geographical and technical constraints. Furthermore, the framework's multicriteria value analysis can help decision-makers weigh various options' pros and cons and make informed decisions.

Keywords: Energy modelling; Geospatial analysis; Optimisation model; Distributed energy; Energy planning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:327:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225020675

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136425

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