Effects of compression ratio on combustion characteristics in a six-stroke spark-ignition engine using water direct injection

Yubeen Yang and Sungwook Park

Energy, 2025, vol. 335, issue C

Abstract: Despite the rise of electrification, internal combustion engines remain essential due to technological and infrastructure limitations. Improving efficiency and reducing emissions are thus still crucial. Six-stroke engines with water injection have been proposed to enhance thermal efficiency by utilizing water's expansion effect and waste heat recovery. However, prior research often lacked rigorous thermodynamic validation and direct comparison with conventional engines for steam expansion effect.

Keywords: High compression ratio; Six-stroke; Water injection; Cooling; SI engine; Knock (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:335:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225037090

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138067

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