Research on brake thermal fade compensation control strategy for multi-axle electric vehicles

Shiwei Xu, Wuzhi Wang, Xuebo Li and Xuan Zhao

Energy, 2025, vol. 341, issue C

Abstract: Thermal fade in braking systems significantly compromises vehicle safety and stability. To address the rapid decline in braking efficiency in multi-axle electric vehicles due to thermal degradation in either motor or friction brake systems, this study investigates a five-axle vehicle equipped with a composite braking system. A thermally coupled mechanical-electric braking model is developed, incorporating both the temperature field of the brake disc and the heat dissipation of the motor brake. Furthermore, a compensation control strategy is proposed, which prioritizes regenerative braking and implements closed-loop pressure regulation of the friction brake, guided by dynamic axle load distribution and the mapped relationship among temperature, friction coefficient, and braking torque. By reconstructing the braking torque in real time, the strategy mitigates braking force attenuation under thermal fade conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is evaluated through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations under various driving scenarios. Results demonstrate that, compared to a non-compensated strategy, braking times in the proposed method are reduced by 0.071 s, 0.220 s, and 0.490 s under normal, motor-limited, and emergency braking conditions, respectively. Meanwhile, braking distances in the proposed method are shortened by 0.964 m, 1.512 m, and 3.069 m, respectively. These findings confirm that the proposed thermal fade compensation strategy for multi-axle electric vehicles can significantly enhance braking performance stability while ensuring maximum energy recovery.

Keywords: Multi-axle electric vehicles; Composite braking; Thermal fade; Compensation control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:341:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225050844

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139442

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