Nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscale: Work relations and the second law

Eliran Boksenbojm, Bram Wynants and Christopher Jarzynski

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2010, vol. 389, issue 20, 4406-4417

Abstract: For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this result must be considered statistically, as fluctuations around average behavior become substantial. In recent years it has become recognized that these fluctuations satisfy a number of strong and unexpected relations, which remain valid even when the system is driven far from equilibrium. We discuss these relations, and consider what they reveal about the second law of thermodynamics and the nature of irreversibility at the microscale.

Keywords: Work relations; Second law; Out of equilibrium (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:389:y:2010:i:20:p:4406-4417

DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2010.01.001

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