Sensible thermal energy storage in packed beds using supercritical CO2: A comparative study of tanks with steel-only and reinforced concrete walls

Thaís D. Luz, Felipe G. Battisti and Alexandre K. da Silva

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 245, issue C

Abstract: Packed-bed thermal energy storage (PBTES) is an affordable option to store energy in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, where supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) can be the working fluid in Brayton cycles. Due to the elevated operating pressures required by the s-CO2 in the power block, the PBTES tanks require thick walls to operate safely, representing constructive and economic constraints for their applicability. Then, this work compares two constructive alternatives from a numerical standpoint: steel-only walls and reinforced concrete (RC) walls. The comparison of these wall materials considers their thermal performance and the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for different tank configurations, a novelty from the perspective of comparing the performance of different wall materials for PBTES tanks. A fixed volume of 2660m3, required for 8h discharge in a 10MW CSP plant, is maintained. The total storage volume can be divided into one, two, four, or eight parallel tanks while considering several aspect ratio values (AR=0.5 to 10) and wall inclinations (φ=0∘, 5°, and 10°). The reinforced concrete walls excel in every aspect considered, and the one-tank configuration with AR=1 and φ=0∘ presents the best LCOS.

Keywords: Thermal energy storage; Packed bed; Supercritical CO2; Technical and economic analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:245:y:2025:i:c:s096014812500388x

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122726

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