Evidence from RD&D spending for renewable energy sources in the EU

Mario Ragwitz and Apollonia Miola

Renewable Energy, 2005, vol. 30, issue 11, 1635-1647

Abstract: This paper aims at giving a critical picture of the expenditures in research, development and demonstration (RD&D) for renewable energy sources (RES) in the EU-15 Member States. By providing this objective a number of performance indicators are proposed, evaluated and discussed. RD&D performance is measured in terms of RD&D intensity, e.g. spending per unit of GDP, as well as with regard to RD&D output such as the number of patents in the different sectors of technology.

Keywords: R&D expenditure; Innovation system; Research policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2005
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (21)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:30:y:2005:i:11:p:1635-1647

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2004.12.001

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