Navigating the uncertainty path of virtual influencers: Empirical evidence through a cultural lens

Cristian Rizzo, Gabriele Baima, Kamila Janovská and Stefano Bresciani

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2025, vol. 210, issue C

Abstract: The rise of artificial intelligence is changing the way companies interact with consumers. In the social media context, this has led to the spread of virtual influencers (i.e., influencers that may look human but are not). These new kinds of influencers are gaining popularity on social media, sponsoring renowned brands, and attracting new consumer segments. Despite this, it is still unclear how consumers with different cultural backgrounds may react to them. Based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, we developed two studies showing how collectivistic countries with low uncertainty avoidance are more inclined to exhibit positive attitudes toward these new influencer types. Based on these findings, we provide a diagnostic tool that may orientate companies on how to develop successful collaboration with virtual influencers by limiting possible social concerns.

Keywords: Virtual influencer; Artificial intelligence; Hofstede; Culture; Collectivism; Uncertainty avoidance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:tefoso:v:210:y:2025:i:c:s0040162524006942

DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123896

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