Thirty-five years of emotional intelligence and leadership: a further review of the progress, controversy, and criticism

Jim A. McCleskey

Chapter 5 in Research Handbook on Emotional Intelligence at Work, 2026, pp 74-101 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become a critical factor in leadership, with research linking it to improved leadership effectiveness, team cohesion, and organizational success. Initially popularized by Goleman (1995), EI has sparked debate over its validity, measurement methods, and role in leadership. While critics question its distinctiveness from personality traits and intelligence, studies consistently show EI's positive impact on leadership styles, such as transformational and authentic leadership. High EI enhances self-awareness, empathy, and social skills, which are crucial for effective leadership in various fields like healthcare, education, and corporate settings. Despite challenges in measurement, with some tools facing criticism for validity and bias, EI remains an essential aspect of leadership development. Training, mentoring, and EI-focused leadership programs have proven effective in enhancing leadership competencies. Future research should address measurement gaps, explore cultural differences, and investigate EI's application in diverse industries to better understand its influence on leadership and organizational success.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; EI; Assessment; Leadership Development; Transformational Leadership; Leadership Effectiveness; Review (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035332519
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