Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Manousos A. Klados

Chapter 38 in Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Neuroscience and Management, 2026, pp 134-136 from Edward Elgar Publishing

Abstract: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical imaging method that estimates cortical activation from stimulus-evoked changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. Offering an optimal balance between spatial specificity and ecological validity, fNIRS enables the study of cognition and emotion in real-world contexts, from neuromarketing to rehabilitation. This overview outlines the principles of measurement, hardware configurations, preprocessing strategies, and methodological standards that enhance signal quality and reproducibility. The discussion emphasizes applications in affective and consumer neuroscience, highlighting fNIRS's potential to bridge laboratory precision with naturalistic human behavior.

Keywords: fNIRS; Neuroimaging; Ecological validity; Emotion; Consumer neuroscience; Hemodynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781035332885
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