Utilizing the Fusion Characteristics of Multispectral and Electronic Noses to Detect Soil Main Nutrient Content

Lili Fu, Shuyan Liu, Dongyan Huang, Jingli Wang, Xinming Jiang and Gang Wang ()
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Lili Fu: College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, China
Shuyan Liu: College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, China
Dongyan Huang: College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
Jingli Wang: College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
Xinming Jiang: College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
Gang Wang: College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, China

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: Soil nutrients are essential for plant growth, and it is crucial to accurately detect their levels. However, current methods for detecting soil nutrients still have low accuracy and high costs. In this study, we propose a multi-source fusion feature approach that combines multispectral image technology with electronic nose gas response technology to achieve rapid, high-precision, and cost-effective detection of soil nutrients, including soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP). To begin, a multispectral camera was used to collect spectral images and extract seven index features. Additionally, an electronic nose was used to collect soil pyrolysis gases to obtain the response curve and extract seven response features. These two sets of features were effectively fused to form a 106 × 98 fusion feature space. Secondly, principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) algorithms were used to optimize and reduce the dimensionality of the fused feature space. Finally, a predictive model of the relationship between the feature space and the nutrient content of the soil samples was established using the random forest (RF) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) algorithms. The predictive performance of the model was used to evaluate the accuracy of soil nutrient detection. The results showed that the PLSR modeling of the optimized feature space of PCA achieved high accuracy in predicting the levels of main soil nutrients, with R 2 values for SOM, TN, AK, and AP of 0.96, 0.95, 0.84, and 0.73, and the RMSE values of 0.56, 0.07, 3.21, and 3.70, respectively. Compared to using only electronic nose gas response technology, the soil nutrient detection with multi-source data features method in this study not only improved the accuracy for SOM and TN but also for metal elements AK and AP in soil. The spectral index features proposed in this study were able to compensate for the limitations of the electronic nose response features, and modeling with the fusion feature space resulted in an accurate prediction of SOM, TN, AK, and AP levels.

Keywords: electronic nose; multispectral images; multi-source features; prediction model; soil nutrient detection (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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