Performance Evaluation of Three Peanut Cultivars Grown under Elevated CO 2 Concentrations

Nicola Novello (), Joel B. Johnson, Haydee Laza, Kerry B. Walsh and Mani Naiker
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Nicola Novello: School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
Joel B. Johnson: School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
Haydee Laza: Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Kerry B. Walsh: School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
Mani Naiker: School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia

Agriculture, 2024, vol. 14, issue 7, 1-32

Abstract: This study explored the performance and physiological responses of three commercially used peanut cultivars in Australian farming systems under ambient and elevated CO 2 conditions, aiming to identify the most suitable genotype for dual-purpose (grain and graze) cropping experiments. The experiment utilized an open-top chamber (OTC) facility to regulate CO 2 concentrations. The elevated CO 2 (EC) treatment targeted approximately 650 ± 50 µmol mol −1 , while both ambient CO 2 (AC) and control plots operated at a concentration of approximately 400 µmol mol −1 . Notably, control plots without chambers served as a reference for current CO 2 and environmental conditions. In contrast, despite having the same ambient CO 2 concentration, AC plots were enclosed in chambers, allowing for plant growth comparisons with EC plots with the same environmental conditions aside from CO 2 levels. The analyses revealed significant effects of CO 2 enrichment on peanut plants. In particular, the EC treatment led to enhanced photosynthetic rates (20% in Kairi, 31% in Holt, and 19% in Alloway), alongside reduced stomatal conductance (−55% in Kairi, −32% in Holt, and −40% in Alloway), transpiration, and increased water use efficiency compared to AC conditions. Elevated CO 2 levels positively influenced pod yields in Kairi (+41%) and Alloway (+36%). However, CO 2 enrichment did not significantly alter the protein content, total phenolic content, cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of peanut plant material. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the phytochemical composition among the three cultivars under ambient or elevated CO 2 conditions. On the other hand, analysis of the fibre structure conducted on peanut stover harvested at plant maturity suggested potential declines in feedstock quality. Based on the findings of this research, further investigations and testing, including simulated grazing trials, will be carried out to identify a single breed line suitable for dual-purpose management under future elevated CO 2 conditions.

Keywords: carbon dioxide enrichment; Arachis hypogaea L.; growth; yield; physiochemical properties (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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