Impact of On-Farm Demonstrations on Technology Adoption, Yield, and Profitability Among Small Farmers of Wheat in Pakistan—An Experimental Study

Nadia Hussain and Keshav Maharjan
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Nadia Hussain: International Economic Development Program (IEDP), Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences (GSHSS), Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan

Agriculture, 2025, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: Do the intensive demonstrations result in consistent technology adoption and yield enhancement? While extension methods show significant immediate effects of an intervention, their impact may fade over time. In a government-led natural experiment in Pakistan, a long-lasting adoption of certified seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides/herbicides in post-treatment years were observed by employing difference–indifferences with a fixed effect method on panel data. The intervention increased the technology adoption in terms of certified seeds by 34%, fertilizers by 15 kg/ha, and pesticides/herbicides by 0.22 L/ha among adopters for four years. Similarly, the wheat yield increased by 0.41 tons per hectare, and profit increased by 12% among the treatment group compared to the control group. In view of these findings, this study suggests continuing this supervised method of extension to other crops in Pakistan.

Keywords: on-farm demonstrations; certified seeds; technology adoption; FE-DID; long-lasting effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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