Competition law enforcement in dynamic markets: proposing a flexible trade-off between fines and behavioural injunctions

Patrice Bougette (), Frédéric Marty and Simone Vannuccini
Additional contact information
Patrice Bougette: UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur
Simone Vannuccini: UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur

Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) from HAL

Abstract: In prohibition decisions concerning abuses of dominance, competition authorities typically combine monetary fines, which deter anticompetitive conduct, with behavioural injunctions, which aim to restore competitive conditions. Yet the long-term effectiveness of such injunctions is often undermined by design flaws, strategic circumvention, and technological or competitive change. Focusing on the EU context, we propose a two-tier sanctioning framework that preserves deterrence while introducing ex post flexibility: an immediate baseline fine combined with a conditional component that is activated when behavioural obligations are lifted prematurely or fail to achieve their intended effects. We formalise this mechanism in a stylised model that yields a transparent switching condition and discuss its institutional implementation through trusteeships, rendezvous clauses, and judicial review. Our proposal enhances both the credibility and adaptability of competition-law remedies without weakening deterrence, while clarifying the circumstances under which fines and injunctions should operate as complements or, alternatively, as substitutes, in dynamic market

Keywords: responsive regulation.; dynamic competition; behavioural injunctions; fines; Abuses of dominant position (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-08-28
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Published in The European Competition Journal, 2026, pp.1-37. ⟨10.1080/17441056.2026.2719262⟩

There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it.

Related works:
Working Paper: Competition Law Enforcement in Dynamic Markets: Proposing a Flexible Trade-off between Fines and Behavioural Injunctions (2026)
Working Paper: Competition Law Enforcement in Dynamic Markets: Proposing a Flexible Trade-off between Fines and Behavioural Injunctions (2025)
Working Paper: Competition Law Enforcement in Dynamic Markets: Proposing a Flexible Trade-off between Fines and Behavioural Injunctions (2025)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:spmain:halshs-05732931

DOI: 10.1080/17441056.2026.2719262

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) from HAL
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Contact - Sciences Po Department of Economics ().