AI's impact on work and employment: A comprehensive review and critical assessment of existing literature

Le travail et l'emploi à l'épreuve de l'IA: État des lieux et analyse critique de la littérature

Flore Barcellini (), Tamari Gamkrelidze (), Nathalie Greenan, Annie Jolivet () and Moustapha Zouinar ()
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Flore Barcellini: CRTD - Centre de recherche sur le travail et le développement - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam], Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam]
Tamari Gamkrelidze: Orange Labs [Chatillon] - Orange Labs, CRTD - Centre de recherche sur le travail et le développement - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam]
Annie Jolivet: CRTD - Centre de recherche sur le travail et le développement - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam], CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, Gis CREAPT - Centre de recherches sur l'expérience, l’âge et les populations au travail - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam], IRES - Institut de recherches économiques et sociales, Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam]
Moustapha Zouinar: CRTD - Centre de recherche sur le travail et le développement - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam], Orange Labs

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Abstract: This report offers a critical and nuanced analysis of the challenges related to the introduction of AI in companies and institutions, going beyond simplistic discourses on the benefits of workplace automation and fears of job losses. It highlights the crucial importance of organisational choices and worker participation in the deployment of AI. The effects of AI on employment and working conditions are not predetermined, but largely depend on decisions made by firms/institutions and social actors. This report also warns against AI risks for work (increased subordination, reliability of actions, meaning of work, decreased creativity and standardization of thought and products) and excessive concentration of market power in firms developing or deploying AI, and calls for renewed regulation to prevent potential abuses for work and employment. To achieve this, the report recommends an approach based on four pillars for sustainable use of AI that preserves employment and work: developing organisations' learning capacity, renewed social dialogue, participatory project management that values professional experience, and in situ usage experiments. As such, it constitutes a valuable tool for unions, offering insights and action points to address the challenges posed by AI in the workplace. It encourages a proactive and informed approach, enabling worker representatives to fully participate in debates and decisions concerning the introduction of AI in their respective sectors.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; sustainability; economics; ergonomics; employment; work; intelligence artificielle; soutenabilité; économie; ergonomie; Emploi; Travail (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04722240v1
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Published in IRES. 2024

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