Climate Regulation and Civil Society Activism

Michela Limardi (), Jordan Loper and Alexandre Volle ()
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Michela Limardi: Université de Lille
Alexandre Volle: TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Abstract: This paper investigates how public climate regulation shapes NGO activism against firms. Using monthly data on NGO campaigns across 78 countries (2010–2023), we find that the enact- ment of executive regulations significantly increases firm-targeted climate activism. Event-study estimates show no anticipatory trends and reveal a persistent, rising response. Consistent with our framework, the impact of regulation is larger in weaker enforcement environments and among nationally oriented NGOs with the capacity to act on domestic institutions. Public regulation thus mobilizes civil society as an informal enforcement layer, extending climate governance be- yond formal state action.

Keywords: Climate Regulation; Environmental Governance; NGO activism; Civil Society (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-09-26
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05047276v4
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Working Paper: Climate Regulation and Civil Society Activism (2025)
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