Arc Routing with Electric Vehicles: Dynamic Charging and Speed-Dependent Energy Consumption

Elena Fernández (), Markus Leitner (), Ivana Ljubić () and Mario Ruthmair ()
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Elena Fernández: Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
Markus Leitner: Department of Operations Analytics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
Ivana Ljubić: ESSEC Business School of Paris, 95021 Cergy-Pontoise, France
Mario Ruthmair: University of Vienna, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria

Transportation Science, 2022, vol. 56, issue 5, 1219-1237

Abstract: Concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and government regulations foster the use of electric vehicles. Several recently published articles study the use of electric vehicles (EVs) in node-routing problems. In contrast, this article considers EVs in the context of arc routing while also addressing practically relevant aspects that have not been addressed sufficiently so far. These include dynamic charging of EVs while driving, speed-dependent energy consumption, and nonlinear charging functions that depend on the battery’s state of charge and the charging time. A generic way of dealing with these aspects is introduced through the concept of an energy-indexed graph, which is used to derive an integer linear programming formulation and a solution framework based on branch and cut. Efficient construction heuristics and a local search for approximately solving large-scale instances are proposed. A computational study is performed on realistic problem instances. Besides analyzing the performance of all proposed methods, the obtained results also provide insights into strategic decisions related to the battery size and the amount of charging facilities.

Keywords: arc routing; electric vehicles; speed-dependent energy consumption; nonlinear charging; branch and cut; heuristics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:56:y:2022:i:5:p:1219-1237

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