Generative AI and Career Choices

Christian Gschwendt, Martina Viarengo and Thea S. Zoellner

No 251, Economics of Education Working Paper Series from University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW)

Abstract: The economic impact of technological change will critically depend on how future workers invest in their human capital. Yet, little is known about how future workers themselves evaluate and choose their educational and occupational paths in light of emerging technologies. This paper examines how adolescents currently at the school-to-work transition stage value working with generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in their future occupations, and how automation risk and opportunities for continuing education shape these preferences. We field a discrete-choice experiment among a nationally representative sample of over 7,000 Swiss adolescents aged around 15. We find that adolescents generally exhibit an aversion to collaborating with GenAI at work, with females consistently more averse than males. However, preferences are nuanced: adolescents welcome greater GenAI collaboration, provided that GenAI usage levels remain moderate and that it is not accompanied by increases in job-automation risk. Finally, continuing education opportunities in occupations improve attitudes towards working with GenAI across genders. Our results challenge simple narratives of technology acceptance or rejection, revealing that adolescents' willingness to work with GenAI depends on how it is implemented — its intensity, associated displacement risks, and accompanying skill development - rather than the technology itself. Our findings suggest that the way future workers value GenAI collaboration in their career choices critically depends on its intensity and on the interplay with automation risk and AI-related educational opportunities.

Keywords: occupational choice; gender gaps; GenAI; choice experiment; continuing education; automation risk (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I24 J24 O33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 55 pages
Date: 2026-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ain, nep-dcm, nep-edu, nep-exp and nep-lma
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:iso:educat:0251

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