Teleworking in the French Private Sector: A Lasting but Heterogenous Shift Shaped by Collective Agreements (2019–2024)

Philippe Askenazy (), Ugo Di Nallo, Ismaël Ramajo and Conrad Thiounn
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Philippe Askenazy: CNRS
Ugo Di Nallo: INSEE
Ismaël Ramajo: DARES, French Ministry of Labour
Conrad Thiounn: DARES, French Ministry of Labour

No 17874, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: Teleworking has been widely adopted in France since the Covid-19 crisis. This study traces its evolution from 2019 to late 2024, using worker and employer surveys, firm agreements, and administrative sources. After peaking during lockdowns, telework stabilized at 23% of the private workforce, mainly among managers, with no recent signs of decline. Textual analysis of agreements shows a dominant hybrid model of two days per week, confirmed by the Labour Force Survey, with most workers satisfied. Telework correlates with firm characteristics (more common in large firms), job composition (managers influence non-managers), housing (larger homes, longer commutes), and individual or household traits (men telework less, partner's telework increases likelihood), highlighting key telework dynamics. These correlations hold under different specifications, including firm fixed-effects models.

Keywords: gender; firm agreements; telework; family; housing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J52 J81 L23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-05
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