The Effect of Abortion Policies on Fertility and Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Africa

Arcangelo Dimico

No 17910, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: I evaluate the impact of abortion policies in sub-Saharan Africa to understand the potential consequences of a reduced international support for women’s rights following the overturn of Roe v. Wade. I find that decriminalizing abortion reduces fertility through two complementary channels. For households at the top of the wealth distribution, the effect manifests as a reduction in excess fertility, which is more pronounced among lower-educated women due to their lower likelihood of using contraception. For households at the bottom of the wealth distribution, the impact runs through a decline in the number of children with a low survival probability. This latter effect is more pronounced among highly educated women, who are more likely to control their own health-related decisions and view abortion as a viable option. I also find that while women’s education levels rise after decriminalization, this does not lead to better labor market opportunities. Children born afterwards tend to achieve higher levels of education.

Keywords: child mortality; fertility; gender; abortion; human capital (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 J16 K38 O15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-05
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Related works:
Working Paper: The Effect of Abortion Policies on Fertility and Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Africa (2025)
Working Paper: The Effect of Abortion Policies on Fertility and Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Africa (2024)
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