Female labor force participation and development

Sher Verick

IZA World of Labor, 2025, No 87v3, 87v3

Abstract: The relationship between female labor force participation and economic development is far more complex than often portrayed in both the academic literature and policy debates. Due to various economic and social factors, such as the pattern of growth, education attainment, and social norms, trends in female labor force participation do not conform consistently with the notion of a U-shaped relationship with gross domestic produc (GDP). Despite the initial impact, Covid-19 did not have a lasting negative effect, on average, on women’s participation. At the same time, some countries have made significant progress in increasing participation rates for women, including those who have started from a lower level.

Keywords: female labor force participation; developing countries; employment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 J21 J22 O11 O12 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Journal Article: Female labor force participation and development (2018)
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