Reframing Avatar-Mediated Instruction in Higher Education: A Theory-Building Integrative Review

Janet Hanson, Chong Ho (Alex) Yu and Michael Hung Truong

International Journal of Learning and Development, 2025, vol. 15, issue 2, 17-55

Abstract: As Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled avatars rapidly enter higher education classrooms—particularly in asynchronous formats—faculty, instructional designers, and administrators face a critical challenge- how to understand and implement these tools beyond surface-level functionality. Despite growing adoption, the literature remains fragmented, offering limited guidance on how epistemic trust, learner identity, and institutional strategy intersect in avatar-mediated instruction. This paper addresses that gap through a theory-building integrative review that synthesizes interdisciplinary literature from instructional technology, psychology, sociology, and organizational studies. The review develops a synthesized framework of epistemic trust, learner identity, and organizational readiness for AI avatar integration. This framework helps educators and institutional leaders better understand how AI avatars influence learner engagement, reshape digital identity formation, and drive transformation in knowledge management processes. The analysis identifies key conceptual variables and moderating factors—including gender, AI familiarity, social presence, avatar design features, and institutional culture—that shape both learner trust and organizational response to AI-mediated communication (AMC). These elements together position AMC not as a passive technological tool, but as a cognitive and pedagogical shift with implications for instructional practice, organizational systems, and equitable AI integration. Rather than presenting empirical results, this paper lays the conceptual groundwork for future research. The frameworks offered here are designed to inform evidence-based inquiry, support faculty and instructional design practice, and guide institutional policy as higher education evolves toward AI-enabled knowledge ecosystems.

Date: 2025
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