Deterministic multi-qubit entanglement in a quantum network

Youpeng Zhong, Hung-Shen Chang, Audrey Bienfait, Étienne Dumur, Ming-Han Chou, Christopher R. Conner, Joel Grebel, Rhys G. Povey, Haoxiong Yan, David I. Schuster and Andrew N. Cleland ()
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Youpeng Zhong: University of Chicago
Hung-Shen Chang: University of Chicago
Audrey Bienfait: University of Chicago
Étienne Dumur: University of Chicago
Ming-Han Chou: University of Chicago
Christopher R. Conner: University of Chicago
Joel Grebel: University of Chicago
Rhys G. Povey: University of Chicago
Haoxiong Yan: University of Chicago
David I. Schuster: University of Chicago
Andrew N. Cleland: University of Chicago

Nature, 2021, vol. 590, issue 7847, 571-575

Abstract: Abstract The generation of high-fidelity distributed multi-qubit entanglement is a challenging task for large-scale quantum communication and computational networks1–4. The deterministic entanglement of two remote qubits has recently been demonstrated with both photons5–10 and phonons11. However, the deterministic generation and transmission of multi-qubit entanglement has not been demonstrated, primarily owing to limited state-transfer fidelities. Here we report a quantum network comprising two superconducting quantum nodes connected by a one-metre-long superconducting coaxial cable, where each node includes three interconnected qubits. By directly connecting the cable to one qubit in each node, we transfer quantum states between the nodes with a process fidelity of 0.911 ± 0.008. We also prepare a three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state12–14 in one node and deterministically transfer this state to the other node, with a transferred-state fidelity of 0.656 ± 0.014. We further use this system to deterministically generate a globally distributed two-node, six-qubit GHZ state with a state fidelity of 0.722 ± 0.021. The GHZ state fidelities are clearly above the threshold of 1/2 for genuine multipartite entanglement15, showing that this architecture can be used to coherently link together multiple superconducting quantum processors, providing a modular approach for building large-scale quantum computers16,17.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03288-7

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