Baleen whale prey consumption based on high-resolution foraging measurements

Matthew S. Savoca (), Max F. Czapanskiy, Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport, William T. Gough, James A. Fahlbusch, K. C. Bierlich, Paolo S. Segre, Jacopo Clemente, Gwenith S. Penry, David N. Wiley, John Calambokidis, Douglas P. Nowacek, David W. Johnston, Nicholas D. Pyenson, Ari S. Friedlaender, Elliott L. Hazen and Jeremy A. Goldbogen
Additional contact information
Matthew S. Savoca: Stanford University
Max F. Czapanskiy: Stanford University
Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport: Stanford University
William T. Gough: Stanford University
James A. Fahlbusch: Stanford University
K. C. Bierlich: Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University
Paolo S. Segre: Stanford University
Jacopo Clemente: University of Copenhagen
Gwenith S. Penry: Nelson Mandela University
David N. Wiley: NOAA National Ocean Service
John Calambokidis: Cascadia Research Collective
Douglas P. Nowacek: Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University
David W. Johnston: Duke University Marine Laboratory, Duke University
Nicholas D. Pyenson: National Museum of Natural History
Ari S. Friedlaender: University of California, Santa Cruz
Elliott L. Hazen: Stanford University
Jeremy A. Goldbogen: Stanford University

Nature, 2021, vol. 599, issue 7883, 85-90

Abstract: Abstract Baleen whales influence their ecosystems through immense prey consumption and nutrient recycling1–3. It is difficult to accurately gauge the magnitude of their current or historic ecosystem role without measuring feeding rates and prey consumed. To date, prey consumption of the largest species has been estimated using metabolic models3–9 based on extrapolations that lack empirical validation. Here, we used tags deployed on seven baleen whale (Mysticeti) species (n = 321 tag deployments) in conjunction with acoustic measurements of prey density to calculate prey consumption at daily to annual scales from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Our results suggest that previous studies3–9 have underestimated baleen whale prey consumption by threefold or more in some ecosystems. In the Southern Ocean alone, we calculate that pre-whaling populations of mysticetes annually consumed 430 million tonnes of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), twice the current estimated total biomass of E. superba10, and more than twice the global catch of marine fisheries today11. Larger whale populations may have supported higher productivity in large marine regions through enhanced nutrient recycling: our findings suggest mysticetes recycled 1.2 × 104 tonnes iron yr−1 in the Southern Ocean before whaling compared to 1.2 × 103 tonnes iron yr−1 recycled by whales today. The recovery of baleen whales and their nutrient recycling services2,3,7 could augment productivity and restore ecosystem function lost during 20th century whaling12,13.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03991-5

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