Cell surface and intracellular auxin signalling for H+ fluxes in root growth

Lanxin Li, Inge Verstraeten, Mark Roosjen, Koji Takahashi, Lesia Rodriguez, Jack Merrin, Jian Chen, Lana Shabala, Wouter Smet, Hong Ren, Steffen Vanneste, Sergey Shabala, Bert De Rybel, Dolf Weijers, Toshinori Kinoshita, William M. Gray and Jiří Friml ()
Additional contact information
Lanxin Li: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria
Inge Verstraeten: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria
Mark Roosjen: Wageningen University
Koji Takahashi: Nagoya University Chikusa
Lesia Rodriguez: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria
Jack Merrin: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria
Jian Chen: Ghent University
Lana Shabala: University of Tasmania
Wouter Smet: Ghent University
Hong Ren: University of Minnesota
Steffen Vanneste: Ghent University
Sergey Shabala: University of Tasmania
Bert De Rybel: Ghent University
Dolf Weijers: Wageningen University
Toshinori Kinoshita: Nagoya University Chikusa
William M. Gray: University of Minnesota
Jiří Friml: Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria

Nature, 2021, vol. 599, issue 7884, 273-277

Abstract: Abstract Growth regulation tailors development in plants to their environment. A prominent example of this is the response to gravity, in which shoots bend up and roots bend down1. This paradox is based on opposite effects of the phytohormone auxin, which promotes cell expansion in shoots while inhibiting it in roots via a yet unknown cellular mechanism2. Here, by combining microfluidics, live imaging, genetic engineering and phosphoproteomics in Arabidopsis thaliana, we advance understanding of how auxin inhibits root growth. We show that auxin activates two distinct, antagonistically acting signalling pathways that converge on rapid regulation of apoplastic pH, a causative determinant of growth. Cell surface-based TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1) interacts with and mediates phosphorylation and activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases for apoplast acidification, while intracellular canonical auxin signalling promotes net cellular H+ influx, causing apoplast alkalinization. Simultaneous activation of these two counteracting mechanisms poises roots for rapid, fine-tuned growth modulation in navigating complex soil environments.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04037-6

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