Extending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths

Minh A. Tran, Chong Zhang, Theodore J. Morin, Lin Chang (), Sabyasachi Barik, Zhiquan Yuan, Woonghee Lee, Glenn Kim, Aditya Malik, Zeyu Zhang, Joel Guo, Heming Wang, Boqiang Shen, Lue Wu, Kerry Vahala, John E. Bowers, Hyundai Park and Tin Komljenovic ()
Additional contact information
Minh A. Tran: Nexus Photonics
Chong Zhang: Nexus Photonics
Theodore J. Morin: University of California
Lin Chang: University of California
Sabyasachi Barik: Nexus Photonics
Zhiquan Yuan: California Institute of Technology
Woonghee Lee: Nexus Photonics
Glenn Kim: Nexus Photonics
Aditya Malik: Nexus Photonics
Zeyu Zhang: Nexus Photonics
Joel Guo: University of California
Heming Wang: California Institute of Technology
Boqiang Shen: California Institute of Technology
Lue Wu: California Institute of Technology
Kerry Vahala: California Institute of Technology
John E. Bowers: University of California
Hyundai Park: Nexus Photonics
Tin Komljenovic: Nexus Photonics

Nature, 2022, vol. 610, issue 7930, 54-60

Abstract: Abstract Integrated photonics has profoundly affected a wide range of technologies underpinning modern society1–4. The ability to fabricate a complete optical system on a chip offers unrivalled scalability, weight, cost and power efficiency5,6. Over the last decade, the progression from pure III–V materials platforms to silicon photonics has significantly broadened the scope of integrated photonics, by combining integrated lasers with the high-volume, advanced fabrication capabilities of the commercial electronics industry7,8. Yet, despite remarkable manufacturing advantages, reliance on silicon-based waveguides currently limits the spectral window available to photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Here, we present a new generation of integrated photonics by directly uniting III–V materials with silicon nitride waveguides on Si wafers. Using this technology, we present a fully integrated PIC at photon energies greater than the bandgap of silicon, demonstrating essential photonic building blocks, including lasers, amplifiers, photodetectors, modulators and passives, all operating at submicrometre wavelengths. Using this platform, we achieve unprecedented coherence and tunability in an integrated laser at short wavelength. Furthermore, by making use of this higher photon energy, we demonstrate superb high-temperature performance and kHz-level fundamental linewidths at elevated temperatures. Given the many potential applications at short wavelengths, the success of this integration strategy unlocks a broad range of new integrated photonics applications.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05119-9

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