High-brightness scalable continuous-wave single-mode photonic-crystal laser

Masahiro Yoshida, Shumpei Katsuno, Takuya Inoue, John Gelleta, Koki Izumi, Menaka De Zoysa, Kenji Ishizaki and Susumu Noda ()
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Masahiro Yoshida: Kyoto University
Shumpei Katsuno: Kyoto University
Takuya Inoue: Kyoto University
John Gelleta: Kyoto University
Koki Izumi: Kyoto University
Menaka De Zoysa: Kyoto University
Kenji Ishizaki: Kyoto University
Susumu Noda: Kyoto University

Nature, 2023, vol. 618, issue 7966, 727-732

Abstract: Abstract Realizing large-scale single-mode, high-power, high-beam-quality semiconductor lasers, which rival (or even replace) bulky gas and solid-state lasers, is one of the ultimate goals of photonics and laser physics. Conventional high-power semiconductor lasers, however, inevitably suffer from poor beam quality owing to the onset of many-mode oscillation1,2, and, moreover, the oscillation is destabilized by disruptive thermal effects under continuous-wave (CW) operation3,4. Here, we surmount these challenges by developing large-scale photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with controlled Hermitian and non-Hermitian couplings inside the photonic crystal and a pre-installed spatial distribution of the lattice constant, which maintains these couplings even under CW conditions. A CW output power exceeding 50 W with purely single-mode oscillation and an exceptionally narrow beam divergence of 0.05° has been achieved for photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with a large resonant diameter of 3 mm, corresponding to over 10,000 wavelengths in the material. The brightness, a figure of merit encapsulating both output power and beam quality, reaches 1 GW cm−2 sr−1, which rivals those of existing bulky lasers. Our work is an important milestone toward the advent of single-mode 1-kW-class semiconductor lasers, which are expected to replace conventional, bulkier lasers in the near future.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06059-8

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