Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays

Dolev Bluvstein, Simon J. Evered, Alexandra A. Geim, Sophie H. Li, Hengyun Zhou, Tom Manovitz, Sepehr Ebadi, Madelyn Cain, Marcin Kalinowski, Dominik Hangleiter, J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides, Nishad Maskara, Iris Cong, Xun Gao, Pedro Sales Rodriguez, Thomas Karolyshyn, Giulia Semeghini, Michael J. Gullans, Markus Greiner, Vladan Vuletić and Mikhail D. Lukin ()
Additional contact information
Dolev Bluvstein: Harvard University
Simon J. Evered: Harvard University
Alexandra A. Geim: Harvard University
Sophie H. Li: Harvard University
Hengyun Zhou: Harvard University
Tom Manovitz: Harvard University
Sepehr Ebadi: Harvard University
Madelyn Cain: Harvard University
Marcin Kalinowski: Harvard University
Dominik Hangleiter: NIST/University of Maryland
J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides: Harvard University
Nishad Maskara: Harvard University
Iris Cong: Harvard University
Xun Gao: Harvard University
Pedro Sales Rodriguez: QuEra Computing Inc.
Thomas Karolyshyn: QuEra Computing Inc.
Giulia Semeghini: Harvard University
Michael J. Gullans: NIST/University of Maryland
Markus Greiner: Harvard University
Vladan Vuletić: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mikhail D. Lukin: Harvard University

Nature, 2024, vol. 626, issue 7997, 58-65

Abstract: Abstract Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing1, requiring quantum error correction (QEC)2–6 for large-scale processing. However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected ‘logical’ qubits, in which information is encoded across many physical qubits for redundancy2–4, poses substantial challenges to large-scale logical quantum computing. Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits. Using logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral-atom arrays7, our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities8, arbitrary connectivity7,9, as well as fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout10–15. Operating this logical processor with various types of encoding, we demonstrate improvement of a two-qubit logic gate by scaling surface-code6 distance from d = 3 to d = 7, preparation of colour-code qubits with break-even fidelities5, fault-tolerant creation of logical Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and feedforward entanglement teleportation, as well as operation of 40 colour-code qubits. Finally, using 3D [[8,3,2]] code blocks16,17, we realize computationally complex sampling circuits18 with up to 48 logical qubits entangled with hypercube connectivity19 with 228 logical two-qubit gates and 48 logical CCZ gates20. We find that this logical encoding substantially improves algorithmic performance with error detection, outperforming physical-qubit fidelities at both cross-entropy benchmarking and quantum simulations of fast scrambling21,22. These results herald the advent of early error-corrected quantum computation and chart a path towards large-scale logical processors.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3

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