A rechargeable calcium–oxygen battery that operates at room temperature

Lei Ye, Meng Liao, Kun Zhang, Mengting Zheng, Yi Jiang, Xiangran Cheng, Chuang Wang, Qiuchen Xu, Chengqiang Tang, Pengzhou Li, Yunzhou Wen, Yifei Xu, Xuemei Sun, Peining Chen, Hao Sun, Yue Gao, Ye Zhang, Bingjie Wang (), Jun Lu (), Haoshen Zhou (), Yonggang Wang (), Yongyao Xia, Xin Xu and Huisheng Peng ()
Additional contact information
Lei Ye: Fudan University
Meng Liao: Fudan University
Kun Zhang: Fudan University
Mengting Zheng: Zhejiang University
Yi Jiang: Fudan University
Xiangran Cheng: Fudan University
Chuang Wang: Fudan University
Qiuchen Xu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Chengqiang Tang: Fudan University
Pengzhou Li: Fudan University
Yunzhou Wen: Fudan University
Yifei Xu: Fudan University
Xuemei Sun: Fudan University
Peining Chen: Fudan University
Hao Sun: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yue Gao: Fudan University
Ye Zhang: Fudan University
Bingjie Wang: Fudan University
Jun Lu: Zhejiang University
Haoshen Zhou: Nanjing University
Yonggang Wang: Fudan University
Yongyao Xia: Fudan University
Xin Xu: Fudan University
Huisheng Peng: Fudan University

Nature, 2024, vol. 626, issue 7998, 313-318

Abstract: Abstract Calcium–oxygen (Ca–O2) batteries can theoretically afford high capacity by the reduction of O2 to calcium oxide compounds (CaOx) at low cost1–5. Yet, a rechargeable Ca–O2 battery that operates at room temperature has not been achieved because the CaOx/O2 chemistry typically involves inert discharge products and few electrolytes can accommodate both a highly reductive Ca metal anode and O2. Here we report a Ca–O2 battery that is rechargeable for 700 cycles at room temperature. Our battery relies on a highly reversible two-electron redox to form chemically reactive calcium peroxide (CaO2) as the discharge product. Using a durable ionic liquid-based electrolyte, this two-electron reaction is enabled by the facilitated Ca plating–stripping in the Ca metal anode at room temperature and improved CaO2/O2 redox in the air cathode. We show the proposed Ca–O2 battery is stable in air and can be made into flexible fibres that are weaved into textile batteries for next-generation wearable systems.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06949-x

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