 Integrated photonic source of Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill qubitsM. V. Larsen,
J. E. Bourassa,
S. Kocsis,
J. F. Tasker,
R. S. Chadwick,
C. González-Arciniegas,
J. Hastrup,
C. E. Lopetegui-González,
F. M. Miatto,
A. Motamedi,
R. Noro,
G. Roeland,
R. Baby,
H. Chen,
P. Contu,
I. Luch,
C. Drago,
M. Giesbrecht,
T. Grainge,
I. Krasnokutska,
M. Menotti,
B. Morrison,
C. Puviraj,
K. Rezaei Shad,
B. Hussain,
J. McMahon,
J. E. Ortmann,
M. J. Collins,
C. Ma,
D. S. Phillips,
M. Seymour,
Q. Y. Tang,
B. Yang,
Z. Vernon,
R. N. Alexander and
D. H. Mahler ()
Nature, 2025, vol. 642, issue 8068, 587-591 Abstract: Abstract Building a useful photonic quantum computer requires robust techniques to synthesize optical states that can encode qubits. Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) states1 offer one of the most attractive classes of such qubit encodings, as they enable the implementation of universal gate sets with straightforward, deterministic and room temperature-compatible Gaussian operations2. Existing pioneering demonstrations generating optical GKP states3 and other complex non-Gaussian states4–11 have relied on free-space optical components, hindering the scaling eventually required for a utility-scale system. Here we use an ultra-low-loss integrated photonic chip fabricated on a customized multilayer silicon nitride 300-mm wafer platform, coupled over fibre with high-efficiency photon number resolving detectors, to generate GKP qubit states. These states show critical mode-level features necessary for fault tolerance, including at least four resolvable peaks in both p and q quadratures, and a clear lattice structure of negative Wigner function regions, in this case a 3 × 3 grid. We also show that our GKP states show sufficient structure to indicate that the devices used to make them could, after further reduction in optical losses, yield states for the fault-tolerant regime. This experiment validates a key pillar of bosonic architectures for photonic quantum computing2,12, paving the way for arrays of GKP sources that will supply future fault-tolerant machines. Date: 2025 Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:nature:v:642:y:2025:i:8068:d:10.1038_s41586-025-09044-5 Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09044-5 Access Statistics for this article Nature is currently edited by Magdalena Skipper More articles in Nature from Nature |
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