Detection of X-ray emission from a bright long-period radio transient

Ziteng Wang (), Nanda Rea, Tong Bao, David L. Kaplan, Emil Lenc, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Jeremy Hare, Andrew Zic, Akash Anumarlapudi, Apurba Bera, Paz Beniamini, A. J. Cooper, Tracy E. Clarke, Adam T. Deller, J. R. Dawson, Marcin Glowacki, Natasha Hurley-Walker, S. J. McSweeney, Emil J. Polisensky, Wendy M. Peters, George Younes, Keith W. Bannister, Manisha Caleb, Kristen C. Dage, Clancy W. James, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Viraj Karambelkar, Marcus E. Lower, Kaya Mori, Stella Koch Ocker, Miguel Pérez-Torres, Hao Qiu, Kovi Rose, Ryan M. Shannon, Rhianna Taub, Fayin Wang, Yuanming Wang, Zhenyin Zhao, N. D. Ramesh Bhat, Dougal Dobie, Laura N. Driessen, Tara Murphy, Akhil Jaini, Xinping Deng, Joscha N. Jahns-Schindler, Y. W. Joshua Lee, Joshua Pritchard, John Tuthill and Nithyanandan Thyagarajan
Additional contact information
Ziteng Wang: Curtin University
Nanda Rea: CSIC
Tong Bao: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
David L. Kaplan: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Emil Lenc: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Zorawar Wadiasingh: University of Maryland College Park
Jeremy Hare: NASA/GSFC
Andrew Zic: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Akash Anumarlapudi: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Apurba Bera: Curtin University
Paz Beniamini: The Open University of Israel
A. J. Cooper: The University of Oxford
Tracy E. Clarke: Naval Research Laboratory
Adam T. Deller: ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav)
J. R. Dawson: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Marcin Glowacki: Curtin University
Natasha Hurley-Walker: Curtin University
S. J. McSweeney: Curtin University
Emil J. Polisensky: Naval Research Laboratory
Wendy M. Peters: Naval Research Laboratory
George Younes: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Keith W. Bannister: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Manisha Caleb: ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav)
Kristen C. Dage: Curtin University
Clancy W. James: Curtin University
Mansi M. Kasliwal: California Institute of Technology
Viraj Karambelkar: California Institute of Technology
Marcus E. Lower: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Kaya Mori: Columbia University
Stella Koch Ocker: California Institute of Technology
Miguel Pérez-Torres: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Hao Qiu: Jodrell Bank
Kovi Rose: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Ryan M. Shannon: Swinburne University of Technology
Rhianna Taub: Wayne State University
Fayin Wang: Nanjing University
Yuanming Wang: ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav)
Zhenyin Zhao: Nanjing University
N. D. Ramesh Bhat: Curtin University
Dougal Dobie: ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav)
Laura N. Driessen: The University of Sydney
Tara Murphy: ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav)
Akhil Jaini: Swinburne University of Technology
Xinping Deng: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Joscha N. Jahns-Schindler: Swinburne University of Technology
Y. W. Joshua Lee: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Joshua Pritchard: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
John Tuthill: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy
Nithyanandan Thyagarajan: CSIRO, Space and Astronomy

Nature, 2025, vol. 642, issue 8068, 583-586

Abstract: Abstract Recently, a class of long-period radio transients (LPTs) has been discovered, exhibiting emission thousands of times longer than radio pulsars1–5. These findings, enabled by advances in wide-field radio surveys, challenge existing models of rotationally powered pulsars. Proposed models include highly magnetized neutron stars6, white-dwarf pulsars7 and white-dwarf binary systems with low-mass companions8. Although some models predict X-ray emission6,9, no LPTs have been detected in X-rays despite extensive searches1–5,10. Here we report the discovery of an extremely bright LPT (10–20 Jy in radio), ASKAP J1832−0911, which has coincident radio and X-ray emission, both with a 44.2-minute period. Its correlated and highly variable X-ray and radio luminosities, combined with other observational properties, are unlike any known Galactic object. The source could be an old magnetar or an ultra-magnetized white dwarf; however, both interpretations present theoretical challenges. This X-ray detection from an LPT reveals that these objects are more energetic than previously thought and establishes a class of hour-scale periodic X-ray transients with a luminosity of about 1033 erg s−1 linked to exceptionally bright coherent radio emission.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09077-w

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