A cost-effective all-in-one halide material for all-solid-state batteries

Jiamin Fu, Changhong Wang, Shuo Wang, Joel W. Reid, Jianwen Liang, Jing Luo, Jung Tae Kim, Yang Zhao, Xiaofei Yang, Feipeng Zhao, Weihan Li, Bolin Fu, Xiaoting Lin, Yang Hu, Han Su, Xiaoge Hao, Yingjie Gao, Shutao Zhang, Ziqing Wang, Jue Liu, Hamid Abdolvand, Tsun-Kong Sham (), Yifei Mo () and Xueliang Sun ()
Additional contact information
Jiamin Fu: University of Western Ontario
Changhong Wang: University of Western Ontario
Shuo Wang: University of Maryland
Joel W. Reid: University of Saskatchewan
Jianwen Liang: Foshan Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrochemical Functional Materials and Technology
Jing Luo: University of Western Ontario
Jung Tae Kim: University of Western Ontario
Yang Zhao: University of Western Ontario
Xiaofei Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Feipeng Zhao: University of Western Ontario
Weihan Li: University of Western Ontario
Bolin Fu: University of Western Ontario
Xiaoting Lin: University of Western Ontario
Yang Hu: University of Western Ontario
Han Su: University of Western Ontario
Xiaoge Hao: University of Western Ontario
Yingjie Gao: University of Western Ontario
Shutao Zhang: Eastern Institute of Technology
Ziqing Wang: Eastern Institute of Technology
Jue Liu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Hamid Abdolvand: University of Western Ontario
Tsun-Kong Sham: University of Western Ontario
Yifei Mo: University of Maryland
Xueliang Sun: University of Western Ontario

Nature, 2025, vol. 643, issue 8070, 111-118

Abstract: Abstract All-solid-state batteries require advanced cathode designs to realize their potential for high energy density and economic viability1–3. Integrated all-in-one cathodes, which eliminate inactive conductive additives and heterogeneous interfaces, hold promise for substantial energy and stability gains but are hindered by materials lacking sufficient Li+/e− conductivity, mechanical robustness and structural stability4–14. Here we present Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4, a cost-effective halide material that overcomes these challenges. Leveraging reversible Fe2+/Fe3+ redox and rapid Li+/e− transport within its framework, Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4 achieves an electrode energy density of 529.3 Wh kg−1 versus Li+/Li. Critically, Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4 shows unique dynamic properties during cycling, including reversible local Fe migration and a brittle-to-ductile transition that confers self-healing behaviour. This enables exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 90% capacity retention for 3,000 cycles at a rate of 5 C. Integration of Li1.3Fe1.2Cl4 with a nickel-rich layered oxide further increases the energy density to 725.6 Wh kg−1. By harnessing the advantageous dynamic mechanical and diffusion properties of all-in-one halides, this work establishes all-in-one halides as an avenue for energy-dense, durable cathodes in next-generation all-solid-state batteries.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09153-1

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