Troubled Workers in the Labor Market

Richard Freeman

No 816, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

Abstract: This paper seeks to discover the criteria by which workers are judged to be "troubled," to examine the severity of the economic problems facing "troubled" groups, and to determine whether the condition of these people is relatively permanent or the result of transitory setbacks. The paper provides a broad overview of some of the literature on troubled groups in the labor market, and puts forth several basic propositions about those having trouble in the labor market. Among these are the fact that many workers at the bottom of the income distribution are permanently plagued by problems of low earnings, that workers who drop substantially in the earnings distribution do not recover their previous economic positions, and that personal, unobserved characteristics are important factors in the labor market problems of individuals. Another finding is that areas with high rates of unemployment tend to experience these rates for a decade or more, classifying most regional differences in unemployment as permanent rather than transitory.

Date: 1981-12
Note: LS
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Published as "The Exit-Voice Tradeoff in the Labor Market: Unionism, Job Tenure, Quits, and Separations", Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 94,no. 4 (1980): 643-674.

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