Semi-supervised distribution learning

Mengtao Wen, Yinxu Jia, Haojie Ren, Zhaojun Wang and Changliang Zou

Biometrika, 2025, vol. 112, issue 1, 669-74

Abstract: This study addresses the challenge of distribution estimation and inference in a semi-supervised setting. In contrast to prior research focusing on parameter inference, this work explores the complexities of semi-supervised distribution estimation, particularly the uniformity problem inherent in functional processes. To tackle this issue, we introduce a versatile framework designed to extract valuable information from unlabelled data by approximating a conditional distribution on covariates. The proposed estimator is derived using K-fold cross-fitting, and exhibits both consistency and asymptotic Gaussian process properties. Under mild conditions, the proposed estimator outperforms the empirical cumulative distribution function in terms of asymptotic efficiency. Several applications of the methodology are given, including parameter inference and goodness-of-fit tests.

Keywords: Asymptotic Gaussian process; Bias correction; Distributional regression; Functional delta theorem; Semi-supervised distribution test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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